Wednesday, October 31, 2007

Cancer cells enlist adult stem cells to promote metastasis

Source: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Date: October 31, 2007

Summary:

Everyone knows that tumors are packed with cancer cells, but many normal cells live among these deviants. The normal cells form a structural framework called the stroma, which was once thought to resemble passive scaffolding. But a growing body of research suggests that cancer cells actively recruit normal cells from local and distant sites to the scaffolding, where they release signals that help the tumor thrive.

Scientists create colorful 'brainbow' images of the nervous system

Source: Harvard University
Date: October 31, 2007

Summary:

By activating multiple fluorescent proteins in neurons, neuroscientists at Harvard University are imaging the brain and nervous system as never before, rendering their cells in a riotous spray of colors dubbed a "Brainbow."

Next step in stem cells: Human tests

Source: CNN Money
Posted: October 31, 2007: 11:56 AM EDT

Summary:

Companies that develop drugs using embryonic stem cell research could soon enter a bold new phase: human testing. Human tests are the most advanced form of testing and one of the final hurdles before the FDA approves a drug.

Stem Cells Restore Memory in Mice

Source: HealthDay News
Date: October 31, 2007

Summary:

HealthDay News reports researchers at the University of California, Irvine have used neural stem cells to restore memory in mice:

"A new U.S. study involving mice suggests the brain's own stem cells may have the ability to restore memory after an injury. These neural stem cells work by protecting existing cells and promoting neuronal connections. In their experiments, a team at the University of California, Irvine, were able to bring the rodents' memory back to healthy levels up to three months after treatment. The finding could open new doors for treatment of brain injury, stroke and dementia, experts say."

Genetic selection of target stem cell populations

Source:University of Nottingham.
Date: 31 October 2007

Summary:

Human embryonic stem cells can be genetically manipulated to help select out desirable cell types, according to a University of Nottingham study published online in Molecular Therapy. This advance could help scientists develop better ways of deriving useful cell populations for therapeutic and research purposes.

Gene, Stem Cell Therapy Only Needs to be 50 Percent Effective to Create a Healthy Heart

Source: University of Missouri-Columbia
Date: October 31, 2007

Summary:

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States and greatly affects the quality and length of life for individuals with specific forms of muscular dystrophy. Recent discoveries have demonstrated that gene and/or stem cell therapy could help a variety of organs in the body, but until now scientists have been unsure whether the heart could benefit from these treatments. According to a new study, recently published in Circulation Research, a journal of the American Heart Association, University of Missouri-Columbia researchers have demonstrated that a muscular dystrophy patient should be able to maintain a normal lifestyle if only 50 percent of the cells of the heart are healthy.

Saving Memories: Stem-cell transplants improve memory in brain-injured mice.

Source: MIT Technology Review
Date: October 31, 2007

Summary:

Using a clever new technique, researchers at the University of California, Irvine, have shown that stem-cell transplants may improve memory after brain injury, at least in mice. Their work adds to growing evidence that stem cells might eventually help combat the devastating memory loss associated with traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke.

Tuesday, October 30, 2007

Stem cells can improve memory after brain injury

Source: University of California - Irvine
Date: October 30, 2007

Summary:

New UC Irvine research is among the first to demonstrate that neural stem cells may help to restore memory after brain damage. In the study, mice with brain injuries experienced enhanced memory – similar to the level found in healthy mice – up to three months after receiving a stem cell treatment. Scientists believe the stem cells secreted proteins called neurotrophins that protected vulnerable cells from death and rescued memory. This creates hope that a drug to boost production of these proteins could be developed to restore the ability to remember in patients with neuronal loss.

Could stem cells be used to cure Crohn's Disease?

Source: University of Nottingham
Date: October 30, 2007

Summary:

Scientists are investigating whether stem cells could be used to 're-boot' the immune system and provide a cure for Crohn's Disease. University of Nottingham researchers are launching a major clinical trial to find out whether stem cells taken from a sufferer's own body could provide effective long-term remission for tens of thousands of people in the UK and many more worldwide.

New Brain Cells Listen Before They Talk

Source: Yale University
Date: October 30, 2007

Summary:

Newly created neurons in adults rely on signals from distant brain regions to regulate their maturation and survival before they can communicate with existing neighboring cells--a finding that has important implications for the use of adult neural stem cells to replace brain cells lost by trauma or neurodegeneration, Yale School of Medicine researchers report in The Journal of Neuroscience.

Monday, October 29, 2007

New Type of Retinol Cell Discovered in Primates

Source: National Science Foundation
Date: October 29, 2007

Summary:

Scientists are one step closer to understanding how the retinas of humans and primates turn incoming light into coded messages communicated to the brain. A team of researchers funded by the National Science Foundation recently reported their discovery of a type of cell in the output (ganglion cell) layer of the retina that likely plays a key role in transforming visual images, received by the rods and cones, into coded messages headed to the brain. Ultimately, their research could help guide the design of devices to provide artificial sight to the blind.

Preclinical Efficacy Data Demonstrate Ability of Tengion’s Neo-Bladder Augment to Restore Bladder Function

Source: Tengion, Inc.
Posted: October 29, 2007 8:00 am ET

Summary:

Tengion, Inc., a leader in regenerative medicine, announced today that findings from a preclinical study being presented today at the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) National Conference and Exhibition demonstrate the ability of the Tengion Neo-Bladder Augment™ to restore bladder function in a well-established preclinical model of a bladder augmentation cystoplasty.

Thursday, October 25, 2007

Osiris Therapeutics Initiates Phase II Clinical Trial Evaluating Prochymal(TM) for Type 1 Diabetes

Source: Osiris Therapeutics, Inc.
Date: October 25, 2007

Summary:

Osiris Therapeutics, Inc. announced the initiation of a Phase II clinical trial evaluating Prochymal, a stem cell therapy, as a treatment for type 1 diabetes. Through a partnership with the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF), the organization has provided $4 million in funding to support the development of Prochymal as a treatment for the preservation of insulin production in patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Scientists Discover Tiny RNAs Play a Big Role in Controlling Genes

Source: Yale University
Date: October 25, 2007

Summary:

A study by researchers at the Yale Stem Cell Center for the first time demonstrates that piRNAs, a recently discovered class of tiny RNAs, play an important role in controlling gene function, it was reported this week in Nature. Haifan Lin, director of the stem cell center and professor of cell biology at Yale School of Medicine, heads the laboratory that originally identified piRNAs. Derived mostly from so-called "junk DNA," piRNAs had escaped the attention of generations of geneticists and molecular biologists until last year when Lin's team discovered them in mammalian reproductive cells, and named them. The lab's current work suggests that piRNAs have crucial functions in controlling stem cell fate and other processes of tissue development.

The new source of islet cells

Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology
Date: October 25, 2007

Summary:

The shortage of islet cells limits the development of islet transplantation. One new approach was reported in the October 21 issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology because of its great significance in enhancing the output of islet cells. This article will undoubtedly bring benefit to diabetic patients.

Wednesday, October 24, 2007

Enzyme switch may open way to 'eye in a dish': scientists

Source: Agence France Presse (AFP)
Posted: October 24, 2007 1:48 PM ET

Summary:

Researchers say they have identified a key enzyme that triggers eye development, in a discovery that could one day lead to "eye in a dish" replacement tissue for the visually impaired.

The Eyes Have It: A Step Toward Creating Peepers in a Petri Dish

Source: Scientific American
Date: October 24, 2007

Summary:

An accidental discovery could pave the way to one day coaxing stem cells to develop into human eyes in the lab. A team of scientists at the University of Warwick in England studying the development of motility in frogs found that a certain ectoenzyme (a cell-surface protein) injected into a tadpole embryo triggered the development of tissues that eventually form eyes.

Researchers discover important tool in understanding differentiation in human embryonic stem cells

Source: Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
Date: October 24, 2007

Summary:

Researchers at the University of Minnesota’s Stem Cell Institute have described how an existing genetic tool can be used to study how human embryonic stem cells differentiate. The research appears in the November 2007 issue of Experimental Biology and Medicine.

Researchers find signal that switches on eye development -- could lead to 'eye in a dish'

Source: University of Warwick
Date: October 24, 2007

Summary:

Researchers at the University of Warwick have uncovered a crucial signal that switches on eye development. This discovery will greatly assist researchers looking at stem cells connected to eye development and opens up an avenue of research that could eventually lead to an “eye in a dish”.

Monday, October 22, 2007

Sea Cucumbers Fast Track Organ Regrowth By Healing Their Wounds

Source: BioMed Central
Date: October 22, 2007

Summary:

Sea cucumbers are the champions of organ regrowth because they direct their wound healing abilities towards restoring their organs. The discovery that Holothuria glaberrima uses similar cellular mechanisms during wound healing and organ regeneration gives us the opportunity to discover how to repair our own wounds and, perhaps eventually, how to regenerate body parts.

AN EYE FOR AN EYE: Using stem cells to treat damaged eyes and a rare skin disorder

Source: European Science Foundation
Date: October 22, 2007

Summary:

At a meeting organized by the European Science Foundation, doctors and scientists in Italy have shown how stem cells can be used to treat damaged eyes and, in combination with gene therapy, a rare and debilitating skin disease. Doctors and scientists in Italy have shown how stem cells can be used to treat damaged eyes and, in combination with gene therapy, a rare and debilitating skin disease. The team then used gene therapy to insert the correct laminin gene into the growing cells and grafted the new tissue onto the patient’s body. The graft was successful and after several months the skin remained to all intents normal, without the blistering and flaking.

MIT works toward novel therapeutic device: Applications include zapping cancer cells

Source: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Date: October 22, 2007

Summary:

MIT and University of Rochester researchers report important advances toward a therapeutic device that has the potential to capture cells as they flow through the blood stream and treat them. Among other applications, such a device could zapp cancer cells spreading to other tissues, or signal stem cells to differentiate. Their concept leverages cell rolling, a biological process that slows cells down as they flow through blood vessels. As the cells slow, they adhere to the vessel walls and roll, allowing them to sense signals from nearby tissues that may be calling them to work. Immune cells, for example, can be slowed and summoned to battle an infection.

Sunday, October 21, 2007

Stem Cells From Patient's Fat Used To Grow New Nerves

Source: Medical News Today
Article Date: 21 October 2007 - 0:00 PDT

Summary:

Stem cells from a patient's fat may be used to create new nerves that can repair severed peripheral nerves (nerves outside the spinal cord), say scientists from Manchester University, England. The researchers say this route for creating new nerves could be part of medical practice by the year 2011.

Friday, October 19, 2007

New nerves grown from fat cells

Source: BBC News
Posted: 19 October 2007, 23:48 GMT 00:48 UK

Summary:

BBC News reports British scientists have transformed stem cells from fat into nerve cells:

New nerves grown from stem cells taken from a patient's fat could be available by 2011, researchers have said. They could potentially be used to repair peripheral nerves left severed by surgery or accidents. Manchester University scientists plan to place the new nerve tissue inside a biodegradable plastic tube, which can be used to rejoin the two broken ends."

Thursday, October 18, 2007

Aastrom Stem Cell Therapy Demonstrates Positive Results in Severe Long Bone Non-Union Fracture Trial

Source: Aastrom Biosciences, Inc.
Date: October 18, 2007

Summary:

Aastrom Biosciences, Inc, announced final results from a U.S. Phase I/II clinical trial designed to collect safety and efficacy data utilizing Bone Repair Cells (BRCs) in the treatment of severe non-union fractures. In the study, patients with non-union tibia, humerus or femur fractures that had failed to heal after one or more medical procedures showed an overall healing rate of 91% after one year.

St. Jude researchers identify retinoblastoma cell

Source: Memphis Business Journal
Posted: October 18, 2007 - 3:24 PM CDT

Summary:

St. Jude Children's Research Hospital researchers have identified the cells that cause the eye cancer retinoblastoma. The discovery overturns a widely held belief about the disease and opens up the possibility that scientists may be able to coax the injured brain into healing itself.

Cross-species transplant in rhesus macaques is step toward diabetes cure for humans

Source: Washington University in St. Louis
Date: October 18, 2007

Summary:

With an eye on curing diabetes, scientists at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have successfully transplanted embryonic pig pancreatic cells destined to produce insulin into diabetic macaque monkeys – all without the need for risky immune suppression drugs that prevent rejection.

St. Jude identifies the specific cell that causes eye cancer, disproving long-held theory

Source: St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
Date: October 18, 2007

Summary:

Investigators at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have identified the cell that gives rise to the eye cancer retinoblastoma, disproving a long-standing principle of nerve growth and development. The finding suggests for the first time that it may one day be possible for scientists to induce fully developed neurons to multiply and coax the injured brain to repair itself.

Wednesday, October 17, 2007

Scientists develop 'bionic nerve' to put patients back on their feet

Source: Daily Mail - UK
Last updated at 23:50pm on 17th October 2007

Summary:

A 'bionic nerve' that could bring damaged limbs and organs back to life is being developed by British scientists. The bionic nerve would repair broken "peripheral nerves" - those found outside the brain and spinal cord.

New Stem Cells by Reprogramming

Source: European Science Foundation
Date: October 17, 2007

Summary:

Researchers are discovering new ways to help ‘de-program’ specialised cells so that they can be re-programmed to form a range of different types of tissue, an international meeting of stem cell biologists was told. If this approach can be made to succeed, it could circumvent many of the ethical and moral objections that have been raised to using human stem cells derived from embryos – the ‘blank’ cells (‘toti- or ‘pluripotent’) that have the potential to turn, or differentiate, into multiple types of specialised cell and which could be used to treat many diseases where cells are not functioning correctly.

'Bionic' Nerve To Bring Damaged Limbs And Organs Back To Life

Source: University of Manchester
Date: October 17, 2007

Summary:

University of Manchester researchers have transformed fat tissue stem cells into nerve cells — and now plan to develop an artificial nerve that will bring damaged limbs and organs back to life.

Tuesday, October 16, 2007

The genetics of MLL leukemogenesis

Source: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: October 16, 2007

Summary:

In the November 1st issue of Genes & Development, Dr. Michael Cleary (Stanford University School of Medicine) and colleagues identify the gene Meis1 as a critical player in the establishment of leukemia stem cells, and the development of mixed lineage leukemia (MLL).

Stem cell growth 'may help hip replacements'

Source: Daily Telegraph
Posted: 16/10/2007 12:01am BST

Summary:

The Daily Telegraph reports scientists are researching a new way to use bone marrow stem cell to improve outcomes of hip replacements:

"British scientists are developing a promising way to harvest a patient's stem cells in the hope it can boost the success rate of 'revision hip replacements'."

The article continues to explain how the procedure would be performed and what outcome is expected if a potential treatment is created:

"The cells would be removed from bone marrow and extracted from the patient's hip under anaesthetic. Stem cells from the marrow are isolated, then grown in the laboratory in sterile conditions and used to seed new growth in the bone chips. It is hoped this will create a more effective way to fix bone damage and inflammation caused by debris from the old artificial joint."

Monday, October 15, 2007

Regulating Embryonic Stem Cell Self-Renewal

Source: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: October 15, 2007

Summary:

Researchers have identified two genes – called Jmjd1a and Jmjd2c – that regulate self-renewal in embryonic stem cells. This finding will have important ramifications for embryonic stem cell research.

Sunday, October 14, 2007

Hi-ho stem cells

Source: Stanford Medicine Magazine
Date: Fall 2007

Summary:

Stanford University Medical school researchers have found that human neural stem cells transplanted into the brains of rats and mice successfully navigate toward areas damaged by stroke. The discovery and the new technique the researchers used to make it add up to encouraging news for researchers hoping to use stem cells to treat human neural disorders such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson’s disease or radiation damage.

Friday, October 12, 2007

Study raises notion of 'printing' tissue, and one day organs

Source: Agence France Presse (AFP)
Posted: October 12, 2007 2:23 PM ET

Summary:

The inkjet printer may appear to be an unlikely solution to the organ donor shortage problem, but it might not be as far-fetched as it sounds. Scientists have already used inkjet printers to "print" bacteria, yeast and even human stem cells and they are exploring how to use the office workhorse to create 3D cell structures in a tissue matrix. If they can figure out how to create more complex tissues, they will be one step closer to creating implantable organs, a scientist said in a paper published in the journal Science

Thursday, October 11, 2007

Stem cells may help beat colon cancer

Source: United Press International
Date: October 12, 2007 at 12:12 AM EDT

Summary:

An Italian research team says stem cells may help neutralize cells that undermine chemotherapy in patients with colon cancer.

Stem cell nuclei are soft 'hard drives,' study finds

Source: University of Pennsylvania
Date: October 11, 2007

Summary:

Biophysicists at the University of Pennsylvania have discovered that the nuclei of human stem cells are particularly soft and flexible, rather than hard, making it easier for stem cells to migrate through the body and to adopt different shapes, but ultimately to put human genes in the correct nuclear ¡°sector¡± for proper access and expression.

Parkinson's researchers focus on 'designer' cells

Source: South Florida Sun-Sentinel
Date: October 11, 2007

Summary

The South Florida Sun-Sentinel reports on a new study to test if adult brain cells can deliver a protein to the brain to protect the brain from Parkinson's disease and other neurological disorders:

"University of Florida regenerative medicine researchers have received a $1.6 million federal grant to study whether "designer" cells can be used to rescue the brain from Parkinson's and other neurological diseases. Using cell cultures and a rodent model of Parkinson's disease, scientists want to study whether stemlike cells from mice and from adult human brains and bone marrow can be adapted to deliver a potentially protective protein to the brain."

Wednesday, October 10, 2007

Study Probes Difference Between Embryonic, Adult Stem Cells

Source: HealthDay News
Date: October 10, 2007

Summary:

HealthDay News reports researchers have found adult stem cells are missing a protein that keeps embryonic stem cells from becoming specialized cells:

"Adult stem cells lack a protein called Oct4, which helps maintain embryonic stem cells in an undifferentiated state, U.S. researchers report. The findings suggest that the ability of stem cells to change into any kind of cell is regulated differently in adult and embryonic stem cells, the researchers said. The study also challenges findings from more than 50 studies that concluded that Oct4 was present in adult stem cells."

Dual Intrinsic And Extrinsic Control Of Stem Cell Aging Demonstrated

Source: Stowers Institute for Medical Research
Date: October 10, 2007

Summary:

The Stowers Institute’s Xie Lab has published recent findings that reveal some of the factors underlying the aging of stem cells. It is widely postulated that a decrease in the number and activity of stem cells contributes to the aging of human tissue. These changes could be fundamental to many symptoms of aging such as wrinkling of skin and decreased organ function. The control of stem cell aging has, until now, been poorly understood, but the Xie Lab has demonstrated that specific factors are associated with an age-dependent decline in the function of stem cells and their microenvironment, called a niche.

Neighborly care keeps stem cells young

Source: Salk Institute
Date: October 10, 2007

Summary:

A stem cells’ immediate neighborhood, a specialized environment also known as the stem cell niche, provides crucial support needed for stem cell maintenance. But nothing lasts forever, found scientists at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. During the aging process, the level of support drops off, diminishing the stem cells’ ability to replenish themselves (self-renew) indefinitely.

How Stem Cells Decide To Become Either Skeletal Or Smooth Muscle

Source: University of Rochester Medical Center
Date: October 10, 2007

Summary:

Researchers have discovered a key protein that controls how stem cells "choose" to become either skeletal muscle cells that move limbs, or smooth muscle cells that support blood vessels, according to a study published today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The results not only provide insight into the development of muscle types in the human fetus, but also suggest new ways to treat atherosclerosis and cancer, diseases that involve the creation of new blood vessels from stem cell reserves that would otherwise replace worn out skeletal muscle. The newly discovered mechanism also suggests that some current cancer treatments may weaken muscle, and that physician researchers should start watching to see if a previously undetected side effect exists. In the current study a team of researchers at the Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute of the University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry and at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center found that a transcription factor called myocardin may be the master regulator of whether stem cells become skeletal or smooth muscle.

Researchers Reveal Repressor Protein Blocks Neural Stem Cell Development

Source: University of California - San Diego
Date: October 10, 2007

Summary:

A protein known to repress gene transcription at the molecular level in a variety of processes also blocks embryonic neural stem cells from differentiating into neurons, according to a study by University of California, San Diego and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) researchers published online October 10 in Nature.

Adult stem cells lack key pluripotency regulator

Source: Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research
Date: October 10, 2007

Summary:

The protein Oct4 plays a major role in embryonic stem cells, acting as a master regulator of the genes that keep the cells in an undifferentiated state. Unsurprisingly, researchers studying adult stem cells have long suspected that Oct4 also is critical in allowing these cells to remain undifferentiated. Indeed, more than 50 studies have reported finding Oct4 activity in adult stem cells.

Discovery of retinal cell type ends 4-decade search

Source: University of California - Santa Cruz
Date: October 10, 2007

Summary:

A research team combining high-energy physicists from the University of California, Santa Cruz, and neuroscientists from the Salk Institute in La Jolla, Calif., has discovered a type of retinal cell that may help monkeys, apes, and humans see motion. The team's work appears in the October 10 issue of Journal of Neuroscience.

Tuesday, October 09, 2007

UCSD Physicians Breathe Life Into Cutting-Edge Stem Cell Procedure

Source: University of California - San Diego
Date: October 9, 2007

Summary:

Patients living with Myasthenia Gravis (MG), a rare neuromuscular autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system, which normally protects the body, mistakenly attacks itself, may breathe easier thanks to a rare bone marrow transplant procedure performed at The Bone Marrow Transplant Program at University of California, San Diego Medical Center, the only program in the western United States that has attempted this procedure.

Monday, October 08, 2007

Adult Stem Cells Implanted By Catheter Rejuvinate Heart After Heart Attack

Source: Basque Research
Date: October 8, 2007

Summary:

A team of cardiologists at the University Hospital of Navarre, in collaboration with the Area of Cell Therapy at the same centre, and with the Gregorio Marañón Hospital in Madrid, have carried out clinical trials (phase II) on 50 patients in order to test the efficacy of adult stem sell transplants (in this case, myoblasts), in the heart of persons who have suffered a myocardial attack. The great novelty of this work compared to others of a similar nature is the implantation of stem cells using a catheter and not through open surgery, used to date.

Researchers Discover Three New Genes That Cause Lung Cancer

Source: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: October 8, 2007

Summary:

Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) have discovered three genes that interact with cancerous results in 20% of lung cancers.

Friday, October 05, 2007

Researchers mimic vascular system to nourish engineered tissue for transplants

Source: Cornell News Service
Date: October 5, 2007

Summary:

One day soon, laboratories may grow synthetically engineered tissues such as muscle or cartilage needed for transplants. In a major step forward, Cornell engineers describe in the journal Nature Materials a microvascular system they have developed that can nourish growing tissues.

Quebec, Harvard close in on ALS vaccine

Source: Montreal Gazette
Date: October 5, 2007

Summary:

Researchers from Quebec and Harvard University are working on a promising vaccine to treat people suffering from Lou Gehrig's disease, a neuro-muscular disorder, that would target a toxic protein in people with the genetic mutation.

Discovery offers hope of halting Amyotrophoic Lateral Sclerosis progression

Source: University of Bath
Date: October 5, 2007

Summary:

Scientists have discovered a causal link between the gene for a small protein involved in the formation of blood vessels, maintaining motor neurons, and the development of some forms of Amyotrophoic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).

Thursday, October 04, 2007

Human Embryonic Stem Cells Remain Embryonic Because Of Epigenetic Factors

Source: Agency for Science, Technology and Research
Date: October 4, 2007

Summary:

A human embryonic stem cell is reined in – prevented from giving up its unique characteristics of self-renewal and pluripotency – by the presence of a protein modification that stifles any genes that would prematurely instruct the cell to develop into heart or other specialized tissue. But, thanks to the simultaneous presence of different protein modifications, stem cells are primed and poised, ready to develop into specialized body tissue, Singapore scientists reported in last month’s issue of the journal Cell Stem Cell.

Stomach Stem Cell Discovery Could Bring Cancer Insights

Source: University of Michigan Health System
Date: October 4, 2007

Summary:

Scientists have identified and described stem cells specific to several tissues and organs of the body -- key master cells that give rise to the specialized cell types characteristic of that organ. But to date, it hasn't been possible to pinpoint functioning stem cells in the stomach, either in laboratory animals or people. Now, a group of University of Michigan Medical School researchers has succeeded in finding and manipulating a population of cells that strongly resemble stem cells in the stomachs of mice. They have been able to show that these cells, which they call "gastric progenitor cells," can give rise to all the different types (or lineages) of specialized cells needed to form the functional stomach glands that line the lower portion of the stomach. This property of "multi-lineage potential" is considered a key stem cell property.

UF researchers test stem cell therapy for heart patients

Source: University of Florida
Date: October 4, 2007

Summary:

University of Florida doctors treated their first patient enrolled in a new study designed to test whether injecting stem cells into the heart helps restore blood flow to the organ by prompting new blood vessels to grow. UF researchers plan to test the experimental therapy in people with severe coronary artery disease and daily chest pain who have not responded to traditional medications or surgical procedures designed to restore blood flow, such as angioplasty or bypass surgery.

Wednesday, October 03, 2007

Stem cells recruited to help cancers grow

Source: New Scientist
Posted: 18:00 03 October 2007

Summary:

Scientists have discovered a dark side to stem cells. The restorative properties that could make adult Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that are found in bone marrow so useful in tissue repair may also help cancers to spread and grow.

Cancer cells enlist adult stem cells to promote metastasis

Source: Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research
Date: October 3, 2007

Summary:

Everyone knows that tumors are packed with cancer cells, but many normal cells live among these deviants. The normal cells form a structural framework called the stroma, which was once thought to resemble passive scaffolding. But a growing body of research suggests that cancer cells actively recruit normal cells from local and distant sites to the scaffolding, where they release signals that help the tumor thrive.

Scientists create 'interspecies' rodent using embryonic stem cells

Source: University of Chicago Medical Center
Date: October 3, 2007

Summary:

By injecting embryonic stem (ES) cells from a wood mouse into the early embryo of a house mouse, an international team of scientists has produced normal healthy animals made up of a mixture of cells from each of the two distantly related species. This is the first time that stem cells from one mammalian species have been shown to contribute extensively to development when introduced into the embryo of another, very different species.

Stem cells 'prompt cancer spread'

Source: BBC News
Posted: 3 October 2007, 17:27 GMT 18:27 UK

Summary:

BBC News reports scientist have found that cancer cells can spread more easily if combined with bone marrow stem cells:

"Dangerous changes in cancer cells which allow them to spread around the body could be triggered by the body's own stem cells, say US scientists. A Whitehead Institute team found human breast cancers in mice are more likely to spread if mixed with stem cells from the bone marrow. They believe these changes could be blocked or reversed - making the cancer less deadly."

Jefferson Urologists Studying Regenerated Neo-Bladder to Help Spinal Cord Injury Patients

Source: Thomas Jefferson University
Date: October 3, 2007

Summary:

Urologists at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital are studying whether a neo-bladder construct grown from a patient’s own cells can improve bladder function for adult spinal cord injury patients. Jefferson is only one of six sites in the U.S. enrolling participants in this clinical trial for the lab-grown neo-bladder construct that will involve a total of 10 patients. The neo-bladder constructs are being developed by Tengion, Inc. in their pilot manufacturing facility.